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2 - الدوريات الأجنبية
1 - Andrew Ethenkreutz ,
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, in : A . L . Udawitch ( ed ) . The Islamic Middle East , 700 - 1900 , Studies in Economic and Social History ( The Darwin press , Princeton , 1981 ) . 2 - Andrew Hess , The Evolution of Ottoman Seaborne Empire in the Age the Oceanic Discovers ( 1453 - 1525 ) , American Historical Review , Dec . 1970 .
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5 - Dr . Hassanein Rabie , Political Relations Between the Safavids of Persia and the Mamluk of Egypt and Syria in the Early Sixteenth Century .
6 - J . Saunders , The problem of Islamic Decadence , Journal of world History , Vol . 7 . No 3 . 1963 .