2 - " The Ottoman Seaborne Empire ( 1433 - 1525 ) " , American Historical Review , December , 1970 . 3 - " The Ottoman Conquest of Egypt " International Journal of Middle East Studies , N 4 , 1973 . 4 - Butrus Abu - Manneh : " The Christian Between Ottomanism and Syrian Nationalism : The Ideas of Butrus al - Bustoni " , International Journal of Middle East studies , No . 2 , 1980 . 5 - Gale Stokes : " Dependency and the Rise of Nationalism : in Southeast Europe , Journal of Turkish Studies . 6 - J . C . Hurewitz : " Ottoman Diplomacy and the European State System " , Middle East Journal , Vol . 15 , 1961 . 7 - J . Saunders : " The problem of Islamic Decadence " , journal of World History , Vol . 7 , no . 3 , 1963 . 8 - Kamal S . Salibi : " Middle Eastern parallels : Syria Arabia in Ottoman Times " , Middle Eastern Studies , Vol . 19 , no . 1 , 1979 . 9 - Kamal Karpat : " The Transformation of the Ottoman State 1789 - 1980 " , International Journal of Middle East Studies , No . 3 , 1979 . 10 - Richard B . Elrod : " The Concert of Europe : A French Look at an International System " , World politics , Jan . 1976 . 11 - Yassef Katz : " Paths of Zionist Political Actions in Turkey 1882 - 1914 : The Plan of Jewish Settlement in Turkey in the Young Turks Era , International Journal of Turkish Studies , Vol . 4 , no . 1 , Summer 1987 .